11. In analog mass communication, contents are linear and
(A) Dynamic
(B) Static
(C) Exploratory
(D) Sensational
Answer:- B
The process of analog mass communication was largely one way, from the source of message to the receiver, or audience. The audience was relatively large, heterogeneous, and anonymous. Audience members had relatively few means by which to communicate either with each other on a mass scale or with the creators and publishers of mass communication content. They utilize Analog media which was originally used in audio recording for media that was analogous to the count it was recreating. It now refers to all non digitized media, such as print media, audio and video recordings, photography and films. So the contents are linear and static and are not dynamic. Option C and D are unrelated with analog mass communication.
12. Expression of opinion as to the public conduct of public servants is not
(A) a breach of privilege
(B) contempt of public servants
(C) violation of service protection
(D) defamatory
Answer:- D
According to our constitution and law we can question the public conduct of public servants that if they are doing their duty rightly or not. So any such expression of opinion about public conduct of public servants is not considered as defamatory. So option D is correct.
13. The decision of the Union Government to fix a minimum price for a newspaper was challenged by
(A) Hitavada
(B) The Tribune
(C) Deccan Herald
(D) Sakal
Answer:- D
In India, the press has not been able to practise its freedom to express the popular views. In Sakal Papers Ltd. v. Union of India, the Daily Newspapers (Price and Page) Order, 1960, which fixed the number of pages and size which a newspaper could publish at a price, was held to be in violation of freedom of press and not a reasonable restriction under the Article 19(2).
14. The organisation of ombudsmen is located in
(A) The United States
(B) Brazil
(C) Hong Kong
(D) South Africa
Answer:- A
I find this question a little bit confusing. First understand what is an ombudsman? An ombudsman or public advocate is usually appointed by the government or by parliament, but with a significant degree of independence, who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or violation of rights. In some countries an Inspector General, Citizen Advocate or other official may have duties similar to those of a national ombudsman, and may also be appointed by the legislature. Below the national level an ombudsman may be appointed by a state, local or municipal government, and unofficial ombudsmen may be appointed by, or even work for, a corporation such as a utility supplier or a newspaper, for an NGO, or for a professional regulatory body.
Ab jb maine ye organization dhundne ki koshish ki to pt alga ki har desh me is trah ki agency hai. Brazil me bhe hai,hong kong me bhe or south Africa me the. But I find that USA chod ke baki countries me iska nam alag alag hai par USA me iska nam obmudsman he hai. But mujhe organization of ombudsman nam ki chidiya America ke me nahe mili. Par official answer key mutabik answer America he hai. So UGC ki jai ho.
In USA I found this only - The United States Ombudsman Association was founded in 1977 to foster the establishment and professional development of public sector ombudsman offices throughout the United States and the World. The USOA is the oldest ombudsman organization in North America.
15. The New York Times has created the position of
(A) Ombudsman
(B) Reader Editor
(C) Public Editor
(D) News Controller
Answer:- C
The job of the public editor is to supervise the implementation of proper journalism ethics at a newspaper, and to identify and examine critical errors or omissions, and to act as a liaison to the public. They do this primarily through a regular feature on a newspaper's editorial page. Because public editors are generally employees of the very newspaper they're criticizing, it may appear as though there is a possibility for bias. However, a newspaper with a high standard of ethics would not fire a public editor for a criticism of the paper; the act would contradict the purpose of the position and would itself be a very likely cause for public concern.
Many major newspapers in the U.S. use the public editor column as the voice for their Ombudsman, though this is not always so. Public editor columns cover a broader scope of issues and do not have an accreditation process, while in order to qualify as an ombudsman of any standing one must be a member of the Organisation of News Ombudsmen.
At The New York Times, the position was created in response to the Jayson Blair scandal. The Times' first public editor was Daniel Okrent, who held the position from December 2003 through May 2005. Okrent's successor was Byron Calame, who was followed by Clark Hoyt, who held the position for three years. In August 2010, Arthur S. Brisbane assumed the post and held it until 2012, when Margaret Sullivan took the position.
16. Copyright does not subsist in
(A) Reproductions
(B) Music
(C) Original works
(D) Sound recordings
Answer:- A
According to INDIAN COPYRIGHT ACT, 1957 copyright can be given for music, original work, sound recordings, etc. but not for reproductions. Ye swal bhe bda aasaan tha. Aap sabhe logo ko pta hai ki kitna ho halla hota hai jb kisi ka kaam chori ho jaye or koi or use apna bacha ke beche or bad me sach bolne wala dusre pe copyright ka case krta hai. So using the common sense this question can be answered.
17. Preparation before beginning the task of investigation in qualitative research is called
(A) Curtain raiser
(B) Simplification
(C) Epoche
(D) Pre-review
Answer:- C
A little bit tough question.
Epoche is defined by Bednall (2006) as a procedure he calls a Feelings Audit. A scholar was introduced to mind mapping (Tattersall, Watts, and Vernon, 2007) said to be able to aid the researcher in the analysis of qualitative data by bracketing the researcher's own preconceptions stated as 'fundamental in phenomenological research" . These mind clearing activities are to be done prior to data collection. So Option C is correct.
18. Developmental media Philosophy exports
(A) Domestic media content
(B) Intellectual property of a country
(C) De-Westernized views
(D) Public per capita
Answer:- A
I am unable to find its explanation. If somebody know about it comment below.
19. To a positivist researcher, reality is
(A) Critical
(B) Objective
(C) Interpretative
(D) Conventional
Answer:- B
A Positivist approach to research is based on knowledge gained from 'positive' verification of observable experience rather than, for example, introspection or intuition. Scientific methods or experimental testing are the best way of achieving this knowledge. The broader context for this approach is the Modernist movement.
Presuppositions
● there is an objective reality.
● people can know this reality.
● symbols can accurately describe and explain this objective reality.
20. The accuracy of systematic sampling is directly related to the adequacy of
(A) Investment
(B) Physical resources
(C) Research goals
(D) Sampling frame
Answer:- D
Understand systematic sampling and then you can clear your answer from this.
Systematic sampling refers to the process whereby the researcher knows the number of cases in the sampling frame and has chosen an appropriate sample size. The researcher then divides the number of cases in the frame by the sample size and selects every x case (known as the sampling interval). For example, if the total number of individuals in the sampling frame is 120 and the researcher wished to interview a sample of 40 individuals, the sampling interval would be 1/3 indicating that every third person in the frame would be interviewed. The starting point for the selection of cases is chosen at random.
Problems can arise in systematic sampling if the sampling frame is ordered in a way that might reflect a trend, which would then affect the characteristics in the sample: for example, a list of employees ordered by age, or income. The sampling interval might correspond to a particular characteristic of the population: for example, if every twentieth house was sampled and they were all at the end of a street, this could be problematic if you wanted to interview people about their neighbours.
11. In analog mass communication, contents are linear and
(A) Dynamic
(B) Static
(C) Exploratory
(D) Sensational
Answer:- B
The process of analog mass communication was largely one way, from the source of message to the receiver, or audience. The audience was relatively large, heterogeneous, and anonymous. Audience members had relatively few means by which to communicate either with each other on a mass scale or with the creators and publishers of mass communication content. They utilize Analog media which was originally used in audio recording for media that was analogous to the count it was recreating. It now refers to all non digitized media, such as print media, audio and video recordings, photography and films. So the contents are linear and static and are not dynamic. Option C and D are unrelated with analog mass communication.
12. Expression of opinion as to the public conduct of public servants is not
(A) a breach of privilege
(B) contempt of public servants
(C) violation of service protection
(D) defamatory
Answer:- D
According to our constitution and law we can question the public conduct of public servants that if they are doing their duty rightly or not. So any such expression of opinion about public conduct of public servants is not considered as defamatory. So option D is correct.
13. The decision of the Union Government to fix a minimum price for a newspaper was challenged by
(A) Hitavada
(B) The Tribune
(C) Deccan Herald
(D) Sakal
Answer:- D
In India, the press has not been able to practise its freedom to express the popular views. In Sakal Papers Ltd. v. Union of India, the Daily Newspapers (Price and Page) Order, 1960, which fixed the number of pages and size which a newspaper could publish at a price, was held to be in violation of freedom of press and not a reasonable restriction under the Article 19(2).
14. The organisation of ombudsmen is located in
(A) The United States
(B) Brazil
(C) Hong Kong
(D) South Africa
Answer:- A
I find this question a little bit confusing. First understand what is an ombudsman? An ombudsman or public advocate is usually appointed by the government or by parliament, but with a significant degree of independence, who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or violation of rights. In some countries an Inspector General, Citizen Advocate or other official may have duties similar to those of a national ombudsman, and may also be appointed by the legislature. Below the national level an ombudsman may be appointed by a state, local or municipal government, and unofficial ombudsmen may be appointed by, or even work for, a corporation such as a utility supplier or a newspaper, for an NGO, or for a professional regulatory body.
Ab jb maine ye organization dhundne ki koshish ki to pt alga ki har desh me is trah ki agency hai. Brazil me bhe hai,hong kong me bhe or south Africa me the. But I find that USA chod ke baki countries me iska nam alag alag hai par USA me iska nam obmudsman he hai. But mujhe organization of ombudsman nam ki chidiya America ke me nahe mili. Par official answer key mutabik answer America he hai. So UGC ki jai ho.
In USA I found this only - The United States Ombudsman Association was founded in 1977 to foster the establishment and professional development of public sector ombudsman offices throughout the United States and the World. The USOA is the oldest ombudsman organization in North America.
15. The New York Times has created the position of
(A) Ombudsman
(B) Reader Editor
(C) Public Editor
(D) News Controller
Answer:- C
The job of the public editor is to supervise the implementation of proper journalism ethics at a newspaper, and to identify and examine critical errors or omissions, and to act as a liaison to the public. They do this primarily through a regular feature on a newspaper's editorial page. Because public editors are generally employees of the very newspaper they're criticizing, it may appear as though there is a possibility for bias. However, a newspaper with a high standard of ethics would not fire a public editor for a criticism of the paper; the act would contradict the purpose of the position and would itself be a very likely cause for public concern.
Many major newspapers in the U.S. use the public editor column as the voice for their Ombudsman, though this is not always so. Public editor columns cover a broader scope of issues and do not have an accreditation process, while in order to qualify as an ombudsman of any standing one must be a member of the Organisation of News Ombudsmen.
At The New York Times, the position was created in response to the Jayson Blair scandal. The Times' first public editor was Daniel Okrent, who held the position from December 2003 through May 2005. Okrent's successor was Byron Calame, who was followed by Clark Hoyt, who held the position for three years. In August 2010, Arthur S. Brisbane assumed the post and held it until 2012, when Margaret Sullivan took the position.
16. Copyright does not subsist in
(A) Reproductions
(B) Music
(C) Original works
(D) Sound recordings
Answer:- A
According to INDIAN COPYRIGHT ACT, 1957 copyright can be given for music, original work, sound recordings, etc. but not for reproductions. Ye swal bhe bda aasaan tha. Aap sabhe logo ko pta hai ki kitna ho halla hota hai jb kisi ka kaam chori ho jaye or koi or use apna bacha ke beche or bad me sach bolne wala dusre pe copyright ka case krta hai. So using the common sense this question can be answered.
17. Preparation before beginning the task of investigation in qualitative research is called
(A) Curtain raiser
(B) Simplification
(C) Epoche
(D) Pre-review
Answer:- C
A little bit tough question.
Epoche is defined by Bednall (2006) as a procedure he calls a Feelings Audit. A scholar was introduced to mind mapping (Tattersall, Watts, and Vernon, 2007) said to be able to aid the researcher in the analysis of qualitative data by bracketing the researcher's own preconceptions stated as 'fundamental in phenomenological research" . These mind clearing activities are to be done prior to data collection. So Option C is correct.
18. Developmental media Philosophy exports
(A) Domestic media content
(B) Intellectual property of a country
(C) De-Westernized views
(D) Public per capita
Answer:- A
I am unable to find its explanation. If somebody know about it comment below.
19. To a positivist researcher, reality is
(A) Critical
(B) Objective
(C) Interpretative
(D) Conventional
Answer:- B
A Positivist approach to research is based on knowledge gained from 'positive' verification of observable experience rather than, for example, introspection or intuition. Scientific methods or experimental testing are the best way of achieving this knowledge. The broader context for this approach is the Modernist movement.
Presuppositions
● there is an objective reality.
● people can know this reality.
● symbols can accurately describe and explain this objective reality.
20. The accuracy of systematic sampling is directly related to the adequacy of
(A) Investment
(B) Physical resources
(C) Research goals
(D) Sampling frame
Answer:- D
Understand systematic sampling and then you can clear your answer from this.
Systematic sampling refers to the process whereby the researcher knows the number of cases in the sampling frame and has chosen an appropriate sample size. The researcher then divides the number of cases in the frame by the sample size and selects every x case (known as the sampling interval). For example, if the total number of individuals in the sampling frame is 120 and the researcher wished to interview a sample of 40 individuals, the sampling interval would be 1/3 indicating that every third person in the frame would be interviewed. The starting point for the selection of cases is chosen at random.
Problems can arise in systematic sampling if the sampling frame is ordered in a way that might reflect a trend, which would then affect the characteristics in the sample: for example, a list of employees ordered by age, or income. The sampling interval might correspond to a particular characteristic of the population: for example, if every twentieth house was sampled and they were all at the end of a street, this could be problematic if you wanted to interview people about their neighbours.
